汉英新闻编译中的信息省译｜北外翻硕
翻吧君陆续刊登北京外国语大学英语学院2016级MTI同学对新闻编译实践中存在的一些问题的分析以及提出的解决办法的思考文章。供大家参考！
新闻翻译主要目的是传递信息，而原文中的信息对译语读者来说并非处于同等重要的地位，译者可以根据译语读者需要进行编译。
从新闻翻译的特点来看，新闻翻译实际上是编译。编译本身隐含了改变，即为了译文的目的，译者在一定程度上改变了原文的内容与形式。因此，译文必然会打破原文的局限。
下面我们从信息省译的角度出发，对汉英新闻编译实践中的常见错误进行分析。
例一：在3月11日举行的十二届全国人大五次会议记者会上，工信部部长苗圩针对外界对“中国制造2025”的误读予以回应。
译文1：At the Press Conference of the fifth session of the 12th National People’s Congress of China, the minister of Industry and Information Technology Miao Wei responded to the misled interpretation of “Made in China 2025”.
译文2：On March 15, Miao Wei, the minister of Industry and Information Technology, responded to the misled interpretation of“Made in China 2025”at the press conference of Nation People's Congress.
分析：从传播的角度来说，“十二届全国人大五次会议”之类信息并不是核心信息，没有必要在报道一开始就详细译出。而译文2将这一信息删除，直接采用“全国人大记者会”对应的英文表达，使译文的信息性合理、合适，不影响原文重要内容的传达。
例二：新华社北京3月8日电（记者 查文晔）国务院港澳办主任王光亚8日下午在人民大会堂“两会部长通道”上说，中央希望香港第五任行政长官选举能够依法、依规、顺利进行，选出符合中央要求的行政长官人选。
译文1：BEIJING, March 8 (Xinhua) - Wang Guangya, Director of the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office, said last Wednesday afternoon at the Ministers’ Passage in the Great Hall of the People that the Central government expects Hong Kong to elect its fifth Chief Executive who meets the requirements of the Central government.
译文2：BEIJING, March 8 (Xinhua) - Wang Guangya, Director of the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office, said last Wednesday afternoon that the central government expects Hong Kong to elect its fifth Chief Executive in accordance with laws and regulations, and the Chief Executive to be elected should be qualified with the central government’s requirement.
分析：作为导语，不需要太详细，而是要点睛。此句中“在人民大会堂‘两会部长通道’上”就需要省译。对于外国读者来说，这些细枝末节并不是他们真正想要了解的内容，我们只需将主要信息传达即可。另外，通讯员也需省译，这对于外国读者来说也是多余信息。
例三：2015年1月，国家新闻出版广电总局印发《关于推动网络文学健康发展的指导意见》，明确提出“开展对外交流，推动‘走出去’”。
译文1：In January 2015, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television issued Guideline on Promoting the Healthy Development of Online Literature which proposed that online literature “go global” through international exchanges.
译文2：In January 2015, the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television stipulated that online literature should “go global” through international exchanges.
分析：《关于推动网络文学健康发展的指导意见》省译，这种中央文件名并不是主要信息，只需将文件提出的具体内容译出即可。
例四：25日8时许，位于从化区鳌头镇潭口村在建广州第七热力发电厂项目发生一起高处作业平台坍塌事故，造成9人死亡、2人受伤。从化区副区长吴林波在通报会上说，9名遇难者中，6人为四川籍，2人为安徽籍，1人为江苏籍，当地政府正在全力做好遇难者家属接待、安抚工作。事故涉事企业14名相关责任人已被警方控制，正在接受调查。
译文1：A work platform collapsed at a construction site on Saturday in Guangzhou, leaving nine dead and two injured. When asked about the victims in a briefing, Wu Linbo, a deputy district mayor, said among the nine killed, six were from Sichuan province, two Anhui province and one Jiangsu province. The local government is trying to console the victims’ families who have arrived there, and 14 people with responsibility have been detained.
译文2：A work platform collapsed at a construction site on Saturday in Guangzhou, leaving nine dead and two injured. When asked about the victims in a briefing, the local government is trying to console the victims’ families who have arrived there, and 14 people with responsibility have been detained.
分析：从中文来看，这段话主要讲了两件事。第一，事故发生的时间地点以及伤亡人数；第二，政府的后续处理，如安抚家属和责任调查。在翻译中必须体现这两点关键信息。但是“从化区鳌头镇潭口村在建广州第七热力发电厂项目”这类太过具体的信息对于外国读者来说过于陌生，属于无用信息，倒不如用Guangzhou这一外国读者相对比较熟悉的大地点来替代。另外，因为已经给出具体伤亡人数，至于这些遇难者的籍贯不是核心信息，没有必要译出，可省译。
例五：北京市卫计委表示，医改方案实施后，由于实行了药品的阳光采购，很多药品价格都会下降。以老年人常用的药品来说，降血脂药中常用的“阿托伐他汀钙片”，2015年在北京市销售的主要有2个品牌，其中进口产品名为“立普妥”，国产产品名为“阿乐”。阳光采购后，这两种药品的采购价格分别下降了9.76%和11.47%。单纯开药的患者，现在集中去开药看似挂号环节省了几块钱，但比起药价的降幅来说，未必会省钱。
译文1：The Health and Family Planning Commission(Beijing) shows that the medicine price will decrease after the medical reform which implements “transparent purchase”. Considering the medicine for the elderly, the antilipemic agent atorvastatin calcium tablets of two brands were sold in Beijing in 2015, the imported product of which was named Lipitor and the domestic product of which was named “A Le”. After the transparent purchase, the price of medicine of these two brands has decreased by 9.76% and 11.47% respectively. For the patients who only need medicine, to buy medicines now seems to save several yuan in the registration, which may not be a real save compared with the decrease of medicine price.
译文2：The Commission shows that the medicine price will decrease after the medical reform. For the patients who only need medicine, to buy medicines now seems to save several yuan in the registration, which may not be a real save compared with the decrease of medicine price.
分析：北京市卫计委在前文重复出现，此处翻译时不必再次译出全称。对目标读者来说， “阳光采购”并非必要信息，译出医疗改革已经能表达出必要信息。至于这个例子更是复杂且为不必要信息，在文章上一段已举例说明医改前后医疗费用将会发生的变化，所以在此处不再需要这个例子，给出结论即可。上下文出重复出现的信息应进行合理省译。
在汉英新闻编译中，同学们习惯一一对应进行翻译，很少对信息进行筛选。这样一来，很多对于外国读者，甚至对中国读者来说均属冗余的信息都译了出来，反而影响了读者对句子主要信息的把握。在进行汉英新闻编译时，首先要对新闻原文进行必要的删减。然后，对删减后的文章进行思考。从目标读者的角度出发，考虑哪些属于必要信息，哪些属于冗余信息。最后，在翻译时，省译冗余信息，只将必要信息译出即可。
作者：孙晓彤、李佳妮、王琼瑶、贺红艳
【更多讨论】